近场地震动模拟方法的发展与评估——基于复杂物理过程的发展进程及模拟结果比较

Development and evaluation of simulation methods for near-field ground motion: Development process and simulation results comparison based on complex physical processes

摘要:

地震动模拟是地震工程研究的核心内容之一，地震动模拟研究将为灾后救援和重建提供理论依据，对结构动力分析和抗震设计等领域具有重要的工程指导意义，还可为基于情景地震的结构概率地震需求分析提供思路。近场地震动的特征主要受三个方面因素的控制，即震源、地震波传播中的路径和介质以及局部场地条件。由于震源特征、地震动传播路径及介质和场地条件的复杂性，导致地震动具有不可精确预测性和不可重复性。本文基于这三个复杂的物理过程，分析了近场地震动模拟的发展历史，简要介绍了地震动模拟常用的模拟方法的发展历史，论述了各个模拟方法的优缺点。此外，本文还总结了工程应用方面的研究进展和简化模型，对比了不同方法估计的震源模型、能量和模拟精度。最后，总结了地震动模拟当前研究的局限性和未来研究的发展方向。通过不断完善数值模拟方法，结合先进的计算技术和数据分析方法，地震动模拟的准确性和可靠性将得到进一步提升，为抗震设计和地震风险评估提供更为坚实的科学基础。

Abstract:

Ground motion simulation is a key component of earthquake engineering research. Ground motion simulation research will provide theoretical basis for post-disaster rescue and reconstruction, and has important engineering guidance significance for structural dynamic analysis and seismic design. It can also provide ideas for probabilistic seismic demand analysis of structures based on scenario earthquakes. The characteristics of near-field ground motion are mainly controlled by three factors, namely the source, the path and medium of seismic wave propagation, and local site conditions. Due to the complexity of seismic source characteristics, propagation paths, media, and site conditions, ground motion is unpredictable and nonreproducible. This study analyzes the development history of near-field ground motion simulation based on these three complex physical processes, briefly introduces the development history of commonly used numerical simulation methods for ground motion simulation, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each numerical simulation method. In addition, this study also summarizes the research progress and the simplified models used in engineering applications, and compares the seismic source models, energy, and simulation accuracy estimated by different methods. Finally, the limitations of the current research on ground motion simulation and future research needs were summarized. By continuously improving numerical simulation methods and combining advanced computing techniques and data analysis methods, the accuracy and reliability of earthquake ground motion simulation will be further enhanced, providing a more solid scientific foundation for earthquake-resistant design and earthquake risk assessment.