跨活动断层隧道地震响应研究：进展与展望

The seismic response of cross- active fault tunnels: advances and prospects

摘要:

为满足特定交通需求或线路规划，重大隧道工程在建设过程中不可避免地面临跨越活动断层的风险。在强震与断层位错耦合作用下，隧道结构易发生结构损伤甚至局部坍塌。因此，跨断层隧道抗震设防已成为地震工程领域的热点问题。在系统梳理国内外相关研究成果的基础上，首先收集了跨活动断层隧道震害案例，归纳分析了断层蠕滑与粘滑作用下的结构损伤特征与致灾差异。随后，从物理模型试验、解析方法及数值模拟三个研究范式出发，深入综述了跨断层隧道地震响应的研究进展，并总结了现有抗震设防措施。最后，讨论了目前跨活动断层隧道抗震防灾研究亟需解决的关键问题。综述分析表明，现有研究对震错耦合作用机制及其对隧道响应的影响研究仍显不足。未来亟需融合地震学、地质学和工程学等多科理论深入厘清震错耦合机制，开发可实现断层错动与地震动同步输入的“同震同错”试验技术。此外，应推进发展精细化的多尺度数值模拟方法，构建能反映破碎带真实构造及动力特性的数值分析模型，以提升跨断层隧道抗震性能评估与设防设计的科学性与可靠性。综述分析可为跨断层隧道的抗震设计提供参考。

Abstract:

Major tunnel projects crossing active faults inevitably face seismic risks. Under the coupling effect of strong earthquakes and fault dislocation-seismic motion, tunnel structures are vulnerable to severe damage or partial collapse, making their seismic fortification a key topic in earthquake engineering. This study first systematically reviews domestic and international research, compiling seismic damage cases and comparing structural responses under fault creep and stick-slip faulting. Subsequently, advances in physical model testing, analytical methods, and numerical simulations are summarized, along with existing fortification measures. Finally, key challenges in the seismic safety of tunnels crossing active faults are identified. The review highlights the limited understanding of the fault dislocation-seismic motion coupling mechanism and its influence on tunnel response. Future research should integrate seismology, geology, engineering and other scientific theories to clarify this mechanism, and develop fault dislocation-seismic motion coupling experimental techniques that can realize the synchronous input of fault dislocation and seismic ground motion. In addition,refined multi-scale numerical simulations should be developed to build numerical analysis models that can reflect the real structure and dynamic characteristics of the fracture zone, so as to improve thereliability of seismic performance evaluation and fortification design of cross-fault tunnels. The summary and analysis can provide reference for the seismic design of cross-fault tunnel.