平震结合理念下的城市应急避难场所震后应急厕所设计研究∗

Research on the Design of Postearthquake Emergency Lavatories in Urban Emergency Shelters under the Concept of Normalseismic Combination

摘要:

探讨平震结合理念在城市应急避难场所中的运用方法，以解决震后缺乏正常运转厕所的问题并降低灾时专用应急厕所建造过程中的资源浪费，进一步讨论未来城市应急避难场所厕所的发展趋势，为研究者提供相关设计思路与发展动向。通过对震后城市应急避难场所人群流量、活动时长以及人群组成的详细分析，梳理受灾人群对应急厕所的需求。在此基础上，从应急厕所规划配置、内部空间、围护结构以及地下结构4 个方面构建符合群众需求的应急厕所设计架构。在应急厕所设计中，引入平震结合的理念有助于降低建造震后应急厕所所需的耗材，同时满足不同使用人群的需求。这一理念为应急厕所设计提供了新的路径与理念，成为设计过程的重要依据，为今后应急避难场所及设施的建设与发展提供新思路。

Abstract:

This paper explores the application of the "normal-seismic-combination" concept in urbanemergency shelters to address the issue of lacking functional lavatories after earthquakes and to reduceresource waste in the construction of specialized emergency lavatories. It further delves into futuretrends of lavatories in urban emergency shelters, providing relevant design insights and developmentdirections for researchers. Through a detailed analysis of crowd flow, activity duration, and demo-graphic composition in post-earthquake urban emergency shelters, this paper identifies the needs of theaffected population for emergency lavatories. Building upon this foundation, it constructs an emergen-cy lavatory design framework that aligns with the needs of the public from four aspects: emergencyplanning and configuration, internal space, enclosure structure, and underground structure. Introduc-ing the concept of "normal-seismic-combination" into lavatory design helps reduce the materials re-quired for post-earthquake emergency lavatories while catering to diverse user needs. This concept of-fers a novel approach and serves as a crucial guideline in the design process, providing new ideas forthe construction and development of future emergency shelters and facilities.