There is less research on the thermodynamic response characteristics of energy piles under winter conditions at present. On the basis of the field tests on thermodynamic characteristics of micro steel energy piles, a numerical simulation study was carried out to analyze the effects of flow rates and pile layouts on the thermodynamic response characteristics of micro steel energy piles in winter conditions. The results show that: the growth rate of heat transfer efficiency increases nonlinearly with increasing flow rate and eventually tends to be stable. For the micro steel piles in this project, the optimum flow rate is between 0.51 m/s and 0.77m/s. Under the conditions of this study, the axial maximum additional tensile stress of the pile at the five flow rates is about 53.8% of the design value of the pile concrete tensile strength, which cannot cause the break of pile. The relationship between the pile axial maximum additional tensile stress and the temperature increment of the pile can be expressed as σ-T=110ΔT.