In order to explore the impact mechanical properties of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy and its application prospects in protective structures， the method of combining experiments and numerical simulations was used to carry out analysis and research. Based on multiple sets of quasi-static compression and impact compression experimental data， the corresponding parameters of the Johnson-Cook constitutive model were fitted； Conduct further numerical simulation analysis and compare the results of the numerical simulation with the experimental results. Finally， the yield strength， peak stress and other mechanical parameters of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy at room temperature are obtained. The corresponding parameters of the J-C model of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy are fitted； The results show that 6061-T6 aluminum alloy is a strain rate-sensitive material. Its yield strength and flow stress peak increase with the increase in strain rate， and the energy absorption to the impact load is also increases； When the strain rate is 1 600 s^-1 ， the yield strength and ultimate bearing capacity increase by 30% and 78%， respectively， compared with the quasi-static state； The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results， indicating that the fitted J-C model can better represent the stress flow behavior of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy at high strain rates. The research results can provide a basis and reference for the impact dynamic analysis of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy and its application in anti-explosion structure. It has broad application prospects in the fields of protection engineering， disaster prevention， and reduction engineering.